History of Madura Island
Madura Island
As recorded in history , the displacement of nations massively from southeast Asia occurred in a long period of time ( between 4000 to 2000 BCE) . This incident among others, comes genesis of the rapidly growing Chinese -kerajaan kingdom . Because the rapidity of their cultural development and expand the influence of power to the south . The area is directly affected is the region of Tibet ( which is the ancestral home of the Burma) and the Yunnan region ( which was originally inhabited by the Thai and Vietnamese).
As a result of the flow of the arrival of the Chinese nation , then the nations Burmese , Thai and Vietnamese forcibly removed more to the south .
Until the end, they gave birth displacement forerunner nations Proto-Malays who at that time lived in the region of Burma , Siam and Indochina . This phenomenon is causing a group of nations that became scattered. Until some of those migrating to the coast . But not a few of them that continues to the south , to the sea or past the peninsula and then across the strait to reach the islands in the archipelago .
The process of moving across the ocean does not take place all at once . Most of them set off in waves in the group after a period of approximately 2000 years . Because it does not coincide leave his native land that then the groups arrived at different places of the island in the archipelago . Although at first they allied nation and its language , eventually Geographical separation leads to differences continues to expand . Intermingling with different groups ( nations Deotero Malay ) who came later turned out to sharpen the distinction because of the separation . After several centuries valid then there tribes pluralist as seen today in the Indonesian archipelago.
However, there can be seen the fundamental similarities between them. For example, the similarity in the way of naming common objects (rice, pandanus, sweet potatoes, shrimp, rain, rock) around him, or in the model naming someone by the name of his eldest son. The similarity of the substance can be encountered in the use of the word auxiliary (tail, rod, sheet, fruit) in calculating something. Then they have a common favorite in consumption clicking dried salted fish and canker (shrimp paste, paste) or food ditapaikan. They also turned out to be equally happy pitted chicken. Similarly, skin color, facial features, body posture and physical properties as well as other body did show that the archipelago was derived from the same ethnic group.
One of the groups of people who moved to the sea that washed ashore to a small island located in the north, the east end of the island of Java. These immigrants and settled there to later become the ancestors of Madura. Like the Piah, Campa and Jai in Kocincina they refer to apai with which Apoy, calling his wife bine and use words to express ella already. In contrast to other nations. They know the language of double consonants such as bassa, cacca, DADDI, kerrong and pennai. When compared with the nations that inhabit the surrounding islands, ancestors Madurese generally have skulls with a horizontal slit eyes wide cheekbones more prominent. The look on their faces is not so smooth and darker skin color.
From some of the results of historical research could not be ascertained whether when he got on the island which would be a forerunner occupancy Madura tribe that met the natives of the archipelago. If there is then the native will be defeated because they are still culturally old stone ( paeolitik ) . As for the newcomers from the north that had been cultured new stone ( Neolithic ) , as indicated by their relics were found in Madura . So they have enabled burnish or hone the stone into a pickaxe or square axes , which can also be used as a hoe.
After hundreds of years in Madura then the new arrivals into reproduce and scattered all over the island. Even the small islands around Madura occupies too, such as Sepudi and Kangean island in the east, the island Mandangil in Madura strait and Masalembu and Bawean island in the Java Sea. They live in groups in the amount determined by the fertility of the soil or the local ecological carrying capacity. Some of these groups amount to hundreds of people so that later formed the units of its own but is still bound to each other by a common language. And eventually gave rise to the local dialect of the difference from the west (Bangkalan), middle (Sampang and Pamekasan), east (Sumenep) and east once (Kangean). Gradually There is also some linkage race in the homeland and in the communities that inhabit it because unity and togetherness of his fortune. Geographic distance urban centers are far apart it causes the difference between them was growing steadily. Moreover, due to further developments to follow the course of history somewhat different for each region.
Archaeological heritage in the form of an ax and bronze vessels (as the embodiment of civilization Dong Son) were se-type as the one on the Chinese mainland South and Southeast Asia are also found in the area Sampang, this gives that does not cut off from Madura with mainland Asia, which may be done for the purpose of trading , But because Madura not generate significant commodities to be exchanged, then the resulting suspicion that they are a middleman. It is also possible only with the knowledge of the art of sailing, the sailors Madura provide a boat to bring traders from other nations across the vast seas.
Small kingdoms in Madura would be free for a while until the king Airlangga managed to consolidation of power in 1017. Integrity of the State quickly recovered and welfare of the people immediately run back. Foreign trade activities outside the Chinese and other Asian countries crowded again. In the kingdom Airlangga foreign traders buy ivory, rhino horn, pearls, camphor, sandalwood, sandalwood, spices and leather turtles and birds. Rice is a Java commodity crops that are important for the provision of sailing that takes months. Foreign merchants pay the purchase with money gold and silver. In addition, they incorporate silk and glassware from proselen.
China we know from the news that the kingdom of Airlangga was named Pu Chia Lung (Panjalu). Kia is the main port Chung Lu (Edge Galuh) located near the mouth of the river Brantas. On the east again there is the port of Ta pan (Sampang / Ketapang) which is an important city of the kingdom of subordinates. Hence it is clear that the role of Madura as a guard maritime traffic Panjalu kingdom was enormous.
It seems that at the time there were rulers of Madura in pancangan who wasted his beautiful wife but diseased disgusting. This later inspired in the story Bangsacara partner loyalty and Ragapadmi is famous. Pancangan ancient city located near Kwanyar on the south coast of Madura is very strategic to secure lines Galuh Ujung, Bali and eastern archipelago that became a producer of sandalwood. The port city around Arosbaya was certainly gain privileged status to smooth the flow of shipping to Sriwijaya, Banjarmasin, Maluku and other royal centers.
As a great king Airlangga not forget develop the arts subjects. Mahabharata and Ramayana which have previously been translated into Javanese Kawi composed back so that the story seemed to occur in the archipelago . Therefore State ruled Madura king Bala god identified with western Madura area . Widarba , which is a state -law Krishna, in overlapping overlaid with royal fiancee Bidarba that thousands of cities where Bangsacara meet Ragapadmi . Prabu Salya told reigned Mandaraka located in eastern Madura until now there Ambunten nearby village called Mandaraga . Puppetry as a vehicle for presenting masterpieces before the general public have also begun established . It seems that at that time the development of Madura typical puppet mask is already approaching the end of its perfection as seen today.
But gradually the Madurese ancient civilization was making progress. In line with the development experienced by other nations in the archipelago. In time Madurese also entered a period of negotiations. This period is characterized by the ruler of metal ore processing technology. At that time appeared in public special group of people are capable of making craft items. Their skills make hasty increasing. Similarly, public knowledge about the maintenance of livestock improved.
With the outrigger boat (which still exists as well as its development in the form jukong) is possible there among the immigrant group that up to this small island by raft. This allegation is based on a mythology that describes how older people Madura tempo doeleo explaining the origin of his ancestors. They consider themselves descendants of the Segara, prince of the sea to the island in his mother's womb were stranded on the north coast. Madura by climbing raft.
Most of the traditional houses of the Madurese made facing south , this is caused by the history of their ancestors who came from north to south due terdesaknya their ancestors from the region of origin , and the travel route is done to save themselves reached by sea towards the area south . Since that event for the nation the sea is a symbol and a safety and a future full of hope , but there is also an opinion stating that , Madurese known as sailors tough regard the sea as a reflection of life that is full of challenges and surge to be faced navigates life and future expectations .
Seafood is also a mirror both Palembang freedom of spirit adventures and containers expression of independence .
In the course of the history of the life of their nation ancestors never got the danger coming from the hinterland to the north. Because it was easy to understand if they are always reaching toward the south at that time in the form of the sea. Orientation to the sea can be broadly dimaknakan ka lao 'in Madura (which means to the south, which is a direction opposed to the north). Unlike the Javanese, mythology Nyai Loro Kidul extolling the southern sea coast of the Indian Ocean has no roots in the tradition of original folk mythology Madura.
Just a pity about the existence of government in Madura that since the time of Airlangga, only news from China and there is no other source that menungjangnya, so less powerful as a reference. And no residual heritage sites as proof of its truth. Thus, Arya Wiraraja was defined as the first Duke in Sumenep / Madura, was based on several sources that are strong enough, including the inscription At Malurung, Book Nagarakretagama, Fiber Pararaton, Harsawijaya Song, Song Wijayakrama, Song Ranggalawe and others. According to the article, Drs Abdurrahman (manta Regent Sumenep), that in Sumenep / Madura before Arya Wiraraja existing governance it Akuwu rank. But it is unfortunate that no clear writing on it. And it is unfortunate At Malurung slab inscription VI A and B 12 lost, so an explanation of the rule before Arya Wiraraja less clear.
As recorded in history, the displacement of nations massively from southeast Asia occurred in a long period of time (between 4000 to 2000 BCE). This incident among others, comes genesis of the rapidly growing Chinese -kerajaan kingdom. Because the rapidity of their cultural development and expand the influence of power to the south. The area is directly affected is the region of Tibet (which is the ancestral home of the Burma) and the Yunnan region (which was originally inhabited by the Thai and Vietnamese). As a result of the flow of the arrival of the Chinese nation, then the nations Burmese, Thai and Vietnamese forcibly removed more to the south.
Until the end, they gave birth displacement forerunner nations Proto-Malays who at that time lived in the region of Burma, Siam and Indochina. This phenomenon is causing a group of nations that became scattered. Until some of those migrating to the coast. But not a few of them that continues to the south, to the sea or past the peninsula and then across the strait to reach the islands in the archipelago.
The process of moving across the ocean does not take place all at once. Most of them set off in waves in the group after a period of approximately 2000 years. Because it does not coincide leave his native land that then the groups arrived at different places of the island in the archipelago. Although at first they allied nation and its language, eventually Geographical separation leads to differences continues to expand. Intermingling with different groups (nations Deotero Malay) who came later turned out to sharpen the distinction because of the separation. After several centuries valid then there tribes pluralist as seen today in the Indonesian archipelago.
However, there can be seen the fundamental similarities between them. For example, the similarity in the way of naming common objects (rice, pandanus, sweet potatoes, shrimp, rain, rock) around him, or in the model naming someone by the name of his eldest son. The similarity of the substance can be encountered in the use of the word auxiliary (tail, rod, sheet, fruit) in calculating something. Then they have a common favorite in consumption clicking dried salted fish and canker (shrimp paste, paste) or food ditapaikan. They also turned out to be equally happy pitted chicken. Similarly, skin color, facial features, body posture and physical properties as well as other body did show that the archipelago was derived from the same ethnic group.
One of the groups of people who moved to the sea that washed ashore to a small island located in the north, the east end of the island of Java. These immigrants and settled there to later become the ancestors of Madura. Like the Piah, Campa and Jai in Kocincina they refer to apai with which Apoy, calling his wife bine and use words to express ella already. In contrast to other nations. They know the language of double consonants such as bassa, cacca, DADDI, kerrong and pennai. When compared with the nations that inhabit the surrounding islands, ancestors Madurese generally have skulls with a horizontal slit eyes wide cheekbones more prominent. The look on their faces is not so smooth and darker skin color.
From some of the results of historical research could not be ascertained whether when he got on the island which would be a forerunner occupancy Madura tribe that met the natives of the archipelago. If there is then the native will be defeated because they are still culturally old stone (paeolitik). As for the newcomers from the north that had been cultured new stone (Neolithic), as indicated by their relics were found in Madura. So they have enabled burnish or hone the stone into a pickaxe or square axes, which can also be used as a hoe.
After hundreds of years in Madura then the new arrivals into reproduce and scattered all over the island. Even the small islands around Madura occupies too, such as Sepudi and Kangean island in the east, the island Mandangil in Madura strait and Masalembu and Bawean island in the Java Sea. They live in groups in the amount determined by the fertility of the soil or the local ecological carrying capacity. Some of these groups amount to hundreds of people so that later formed the units of its own but is still bound to each other by a common language. And eventually gave rise to the local dialect of the difference from the west (Bangkalan), middle (Sampang and Pamekasan), east (Sumenep) and east once (Kangean). Gradually There is also some linkage race in the homeland and in the communities that inhabit it because unity and togetherness of his fortune. Geographic distance urban centers are far apart it causes the difference between them was growing steadily. Moreover, due to further developments to follow the course of history somewhat different for each region.
Archaeological heritage in the form of an ax and bronze vessels (as the embodiment of civilization Dong Son) were se-type as the one on the Chinese mainland South and Southeast Asia are also found in the area Sampang, this gives that does not cut off from Madura with mainland Asia, which may be done for the purpose of trading , But because Madura not generate significant commodities to be exchanged, then the resulting suspicion that they are a middleman. It is also possible only with the knowledge of the art of sailing, the sailors Madura provide a boat to bring traders from other nations across the vast seas.
Small kingdoms in Madura would be free for a while until the king Airlangga managed to consolidation of power in 1017. Integrity of the State quickly recovered and welfare of the people immediately run back. Foreign trade activities outside the Chinese and other Asian countries crowded again. In the kingdom Airlangga foreign traders buy ivory, rhino horn, pearls, camphor, sandalwood, sandalwood, spices and leather turtles and birds. Rice is a Java commodity crops that are important for the provision of sailing that takes months. Foreign merchants pay the purchase with money gold and silver. In addition, they incorporate silk and glassware from proselen.
China we know from the news that the kingdom of Airlangga was named Pu Chia Lung (Panjalu). Kia is the main port Chung Lu (Edge Galuh) located near the mouth of the river Brantas. On the east again there is the port of Ta pan (Sampang / Ketapang) which is an important city of the kingdom of subordinates. Hence it is clear that the role of Madura as a guard maritime traffic Panjalu kingdom was enormous. It seems that at that time the ruler of Madura in pancangan who wasted his beautiful wife but diseased disgusting. This later inspired in the story Bangsacara partner loyalty and Ragapadmi is famous. Pancangan ancient city located near Kwanyar on the south coast of Madura is very strategic to secure lines Galuh Ujung, Bali and eastern archipelago that became a producer of sandalwood. The port city around Arosbaya was certainly gain privileged status to smooth the flow of shipping to Sriwijaya, Banjarmasin, Maluku and other royal centers.
As a great king Airlangga not forget develop the arts subjects. Mahabharata and Ramayana which have previously been translated into Javanese Kawi composed back so that the story seemed to occur in the archipelago. Therefore State ruled Madura king Bala god identified with western Madura area. Widarba, which is a state-law Krishna, in overlapping overlaid with royal fiancee Bidarba that thousands of cities where Bangsacara meet Ragapadmi. Prabu Salya told reigned Mandaraka located in eastern Madura until now there Ambunten nearby village called Mandaraga. Puppetry as a vehicle for presenting masterpieces before the general public have also begun established. It seems that at that time the development of Madura typical puppet mask is already approaching the end of its perfection as seen today.
But gradually the Madurese ancient civilization was making progress. In line with the development experienced by other nations in the archipelago. In time Madurese also entered a period of negotiations. This period is characterized by the ruler of metal ore processing technology. At that time appeared in public special group of people are capable of making craft items. Their skills make hasty increasing. Similarly, public knowledge about the maintenance of livestock improved.
With the outrigger boat (which still exists as well as its development in the form jukong) is possible there among the immigrant group that up to this small island by raft. This allegation is based on a mythology that describes how older people Madura tempo doeleo explaining the origin of his ancestors. They consider themselves descendants of the Segara, prince of the sea to the island in his mother's womb were stranded on the north coast. Madura by climbing raft.
Most of the traditional houses of the Madurese made facing south, this is caused by the history of their ancestors who came from north to south due terdesaknya their ancestors from the region of origin, and the travel route is done to save themselves reached by sea towards the area south. Since that event for the nation the sea is a symbol and a safety and a future full of hope, but there is also an opinion stating that, Madurese known as sailors tough regard the sea as a reflection of life that is full of challenges and surge to be faced navigates life and future expectations.
Seafood is also a mirror both Palembang freedom of spirit adventures and containers expression of independence. In the course of the history of the life of their nation ancestors never got the danger coming from the hinterland to the north. Because it was easy to understand if they are always reaching toward the south at that time in the form of the sea. Orientation to the sea can be broadly dimaknakan ka lao 'in Madura (which means to the south, which is a direction opposed to the north). Unlike the Javanese, mythology Nyai Loro Kidul extolling the southern sea coast of the Indian Ocean has no roots in the tradition of original folk mythology Madura.
Just a pity about the existence of government in Madura since the time of Airlangga , only news from China and there is no other source that menungjangnya , so less powerful as a reference . And no residual heritage sites as proof of its truth . Thus, Arya Wiraraja was defined as the first Duke in Sumenep / Madura , was based on several sources that are strong enough , including the inscription At Malurung , Book Nagarakretagama , Fiber Pararaton , Harsawijaya Song , Song Wijayakrama , Song Ranggalawe and others. According to the article , Drs Abdurrahman ( manta Regent Sumenep ) , that in Sumenep / Madura before Arya Wiraraja existing governance it Akuwu rank . But it is unfortunate that no clear writing on it . And it is unfortunate At Malurung slab inscription VI A and B 12 lost, so an explanation of the rule before Arya Wiraraja less clear. (*)
